77. The Simple Present: - Describe a habitual action - Describe a general truth. Ex: I go to church on Sundays ...
77. The Simple Present:
- Describe a habitual action
- Describe a general truth.
Ex: I go to church on Sundays
In Britain most of the shops close at 5.30 pm.
The earth goes round the sun.
78. The Present Continuous:
- An action at the time of speaking
- An action in the present period (now)
Ex: Please don't make so much noise. I'm studying.
Tom isn't playing football this season. He wants to concentrate on his studies.
79. Words are not used in Continuous tenses.
- be, seem, appear, look
- sound, taste, smell
S + smell/taste/sound + Adj
- possess, own, have, belong to
- think that, feel that, suppose that, consider that
- notice, recognize, perceive
- know, understand, comprehend
- want, wish, desire, require, need, refuse
- remember, recall, forget, recollect
- believe, forgive, pardon, trust
- matter
- see, hear
- love, care for, hate
- hold, contain, include, consist of
- mean, signify
Ex: This packet holds twenty cigarettes.
He has two cars
I think (that) she is a good student.
I'm reading a very difficult book, and I comprehend very little.
He appears to be a very prosperous business man.
Notes:
In special cases, words above can be used in Continuous Tenses.
*have, hold, appear, smell, taste, think of, think about.
Ex: He is having dinner
The sun is appearing over the horizon
The boy is tasting the milk
He is thinking of his mother.
80. The Present Perfect: HAVE + PP
a. Undefined event in the past
b. Started in the past and continue to the present
c. The time period is not over
d. After the superlative
e. After ordinal numbers
Ex: I have washed my hands, and now they are clean
I have borrowed ten records from Tom this moths.
It's the most boring film I have ever seen.
Tom has lost his passport again. It's the second time he has lost it.
The Present Perfect is used with Propositions
a. SINCE: show a specific time in the past.
Since yesterday/ last week/ last Sunday/ last year/ March/ 1975
b. FOR: show a specific time in the past until now.
For two days/ the past week/ five hours/ three years/ a while/ a few minutes
c. IN can be used instead of FOR in the following phrases.
- in the past four years
- in the last few days
Ex: I haven't smoked since September.
He has owned this house for three years
We have met a lot of interesting people in the last few days.
81. The Present Perfect Continuous: HAVE BEEN + V_ING
a. Started in the past and continue to the present.
b. and can be continued to the future.
Ex: The girl has been singing for three minutes.
The students have been studying English since last year.
82. The Present Perfect emphasize on the result while The Present Perfect Continuous emphasize on the process.
Ex: He has been saving for 2 years.
He has saved $ 1000.
83. The Simple Past
a. Happened at a specific time in the past
b. Happened in a period of time and it completed in the past
Ex: He studied French five years ago.
They worked in that factory for three years - from 1990 to 1995
84. The Past Continuous: Was/ Were + V_ING
a. Happening in a specific time in the past
b. Happening for a long time and anothe event happened.
c. Happening together with anothe event continuous in the past
Ex: This time last year I was living in Hue.
We were watching television when the lights went out.
He was reading a book while she was watering the flowers
85. The Past Perfect: HAD + PP
a. Happened before anothe action in the past
b. Happened before a specific time in the past
Ex: The doctor arrived quickly, but the patient had already died.
He hadn't finished by yesterday evening.
86. The Past Perfect Continuous: HAD BEEN + V_ING
Happend continuous before another action in the past.
Ex: When I first met Ann, she had been working for Vinamilk for ten years.
87. Simple Future: Will + INF
a. an action or event will happen
b. events are prdictable before they happen.
c. scheduled events
Ex: You and I will work in the same office.
The wedding party will take place at St. Paul's on April 27th
Will house prices rise again next year?
88. The Formula of I and WE: I/WE + SHALL + INF
Ex: I shall/ I will meet her at 4 o'clock
89. SHALL is used in interrogation (offer or suggestion)
Ex: Shall I get your coat for you?
Shall we go for a swim tomorrow?
90.The SIMPLE FUTURE or PRESENT FUTURE is used to describe dicisions, threats, promises and requests in the future.
Ex: "Come to the party" _ "Ok. I'll bring my boyfriend."
I'll hit you if you do that again.
I'll give you a teddy-bear.
Will you give me a hand?
91. We have other 6 ways to describe the futlure.
a. SIMPLE PRESENT: arrange in advanced for the future.
Ex: The train leaves at 8 o'clock tomorrow night.
b. PRESENT CONTINUOUS: social arrangements
Ex: On Sunday, we are going fishing.
c. FUTURE OF INTENTION: AM/ IS/ ARE + GOING + TO_INF
- A future plan
- We guess something will happen in the future
Ex: I am going to stay here tonight
That car is going to crash!
d. FUTURE CONTINUOUS: WILL BE + V_ING
Ex: He will be taking his exam next week.
e. FUTURE PERFECT: WILL HAVE + PP
Describe a future action that happens before a specific time or an other action in the future.
Ex: The meeting will have finished by the time we get there.
By the end of this year, I shall have saved $600.
f. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS: WILL HAVE HEEN + V_ING
Describe a continuous action to a specific time in the future.
Ex: By the end of this year, Mr Green will have been teaching for forty years.
92. Describe the Future with BE
a. BE + TO_INF
Describe orders, instructions or arrangements.
Ex: No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.
b. BE + ABOUT + TO_INF
Describe the action that is ready to happen.
Ex: They are about to leave.
c. BE + ON THE POINT OF + GERUND
The same 92b
Ex: They are on the point of starting.
93. After Temporal Conjunctions: when, as soon as, before, after, till, untill, by the time, by the end of...
WILL is omitted in the future tenses.
- Simple Future ---> Simple Present
- Future Perfect ---> Present Perfect
Ex: You will come. He will stay here ---> He will stay here untill you come.
I shall have been in Ho Chi MInh City for ten years by next June. I shall write a book.
---> When I have been in Ho Chi Minh City for ten years, I shall write a book.
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