94. Verbs followed by Gerund - admit - allow - appriciate - confess - delay - detest - enjoy - excuse...
94. Verbs followed by Gerund
- admit - allow - appriciate - confess - delay - detest - enjoy - excuse - fancy
- give up - involve - keep on - mention - miss - postpone - recommend - resist
- risk - tolerate - recollect - pardon - can't stand - understand - advise
- anticipate - avoid - consider - deny - dislike - escape - face - finish
- imagine - justify - leave off - mind - permit - quit - resent - resume - save
- suggest - stop - can't resist - can't help
Ex: I gave up smoking when I was a young man.
Avoid drinking too much water with your meals.
I won't tolerate your behaving in this way.
95. Gerund in other cases
- After prepositions:
Ex: She helps me in learning English (She helps me with English)
- After the following idioms
+ be worth
+ it's no use
+ there's no
+ it's no good
- In the structure: "IT + BE + ADJ + G"
Ex: My sister is interested in dancing.
There's no knowing what will happen next.
It's wonderful lying on the beach all day.
96. Verbs followed by either Gerund or To-Inf
- advise - commence - allow - continue - attempt - begin - cease
- dread - forget - intend - like - mean - prefer - regret - start - try
- recommend - want - hate - leave - love - permit - propose - remember
- study - can't bear - need - require
These words above have different meaning when using with Gerund or To - Infinitive. Sometimes they convey the same meanings.
a. Unchangeable meanings: BEGIN, START, CONTINUE, CEASE
Ex: I began working/ began to work.
She never ceased complaining/ to complain about prices.
b. ADVISE, ALLOW, PERMIT, RECOMMEND
- with objects ---> TO_INF
- without objects ---> GERUND
Ex: She advised me to apply at once.
She advised applying at once
c. NEED, WANT, REQUIRE ---> GERUND replace PASSIVE INFINITIVE
Ex: The grass needs cutting.
= The grass needs to be cut. (to be + pp)
d. REMEMBER, FORGET, REGRET
- GERUND ---> happened
- TO_INF ---. will happen
Ex: I don't remember posting the letter. (sent and forgot)
I must remember to post the letter. (must send and never forget)
e. MEAN
- Intention ---> TO_INF
- Sense ---> GERUND
Ex: I mean to work harder next year.
Having a party tonight will mean working extra hard tomorrow.
f. PROPOSE
- Intention ---> TO_INF
- Suggest ---> GERUND
Ex: I propose to start tomorrow.
I propose waiting till the police get here.
g. GO ON
- Continue speaking the same topic ---> GERUND
- Continue speaking the different topic ---> TO_INF
Ex: He went on talking about his accident.
He went on to talk about his accident.
h. STOP
- Stop doing s.th immediately ---> GERUND
- Stop s.th and do s.th else ---> TO_INF
Ex: She stopped singing.
She stopped to sing.
i. TRY
- Experiment ---> GERUND
- Endeavour ---> TO_INF
Ex: I've got a terible headache. I tried taking an aspirin but it didn't help.
I was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldn't.
j. LIKE, HATE, PREFER
- General ---> GERUND
- Specific ---> TO_INF
Ex: I don't like waking up so early as this.
I don't like to wake him up so early as this.
I prefer staying quietly at home to going to a cinema.
"Come and see a film tonight". "No, thanks, I prefer to stay at home".
97. GERUND is used with preposion "TO" in the following idioms
- be used to + Gerund
- get used to + Gerund
- be/ become accustomed to + Gerund
- look forward to + Gerund
- in addition to + Gerund
- object to + Gerund
- confess to + Gerund
- be opposed to + Gerund
- take to + Gerund
- face up to + Gerund
- admit to + Gerund
Ex: I am looking forward to receiving your letter.
Fred confessed to stealing the jewels.
He took to drinking
98. Between verbs (and prepositions) and Gerund, there may be NOUNS, PRONOUNS or POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE (But meanings are changeable).
Ex: He dislikes working late.
He dislikes me/my working late.
Tom insisted on reading the letter.
Tom insisted on my/me reading the letter.
I don't remember my mother's complaining about it.
= I don't remember my mother complaining about it.
99. Perfect Gerund: HAVING + PP
Describe an action happens before another action.
Ex: He was accused of having deserted his ship.
= He was accused of deserting his ship.
He denied having been there.
100. Passive Gerund
- BEING + PP ---> a passive action
- Having been + PP ---> a passive action happens before another action.
Ex: He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper.
The safe showed no signs of having been touched.
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